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In the late nineteenth century, competition from British made textiles led Indian weavers to invent new types of garments. In Bhavani, a community of weavers called Jangamars weaved a type of blanket using colored coarse threads called Jamakkalam.The popularity of the product led to the production of jamakkalams by other weavers replacing the production of traditional sarees and other cloths.
Two types of jamakkalams are produced in Bhavani.The first type is made from coarser cotton threads capable of producing carpets with colored bands.As the thread was coarser, designs could not be weaved on to this type of carpet.Hence, a second softer variety of jamakkalams were introduced that were made of artificial silk threads enabling weavers to weave different kinds of border designs. Jamakkalams are also used to make fashion products such as backpacks. Jamakkalams were traditionally woven in homes by lone weavers. They used pit loom to weave the jamkalam. The threads are stretched horizontally from end to end on wooden looms.On level with the weaving surface, the weaver sits in a pit that has been carved out of the earth. In order to create the weaving pattern, the weaver uses his legs to operate two pedals and his hands to move the shuttle across.
